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HarmonyOS之时钟FA卡片开发样例实践
亿华云2025-10-03 02:42:28【人工智能】9人已围观
简介想了解更多内容，请访问：和华为官方合作共建的鸿蒙技术社区https://harmonyos.51cto.com时钟FA卡片开发样例介绍服务卡片是FA的一种主要信息呈现形式，开发者可以在卡片中展示用户最
想了解更多内容，时钟实践请访问：
和华为官方合作共建的卡片开鸿蒙技术社区
https://harmonyos.51cto.com
时钟FA卡片开发样例
介绍
服务卡片是FA的一种主要信息呈现形式，开发者可以在卡片中展示用户最关心的样例FA数据，并可以通过点击卡片内容直接打开FA。时钟实践例如，卡片开天气类FA，样例可以在服务卡片中展示当前的时钟实践基本天气信息，点击卡片启动天气FA，卡片开展示详细的样例天气数据。
同时，时钟实践服务卡片支持不同的卡片开规格尺寸，开发者可以根据展示的样例不同内容和布局效果，选用不同的时钟实践卡片尺寸，支持的卡片开尺寸包括：1x2、2x2、样例2x4 和 4x4。
知识点：
1.对象关系型数据库的使用，如何查询、创建卡片、删除卡片
2.如何更新卡片数据
搭建环境
安装DevEco Studio，详情请参考DevEco Studio下载。
设置DevEco Studio开发环境，DevEco Studio开发环境需要依赖于网络环境，亿华云需要连接上网络才能确保工具的正常使用，可以根据如下两种情况来配置开发环境：
如果可以直接访问Internet，只需进行下载HarmonyOS SDK操作。
如果网络不能直接访问Internet，需要通过代理服务器才可以访问，请参考配置开发环境。
代码结构解读
├─config.json #项目配置文件 ├─java │ └─com │ └─huawei │ └─learnharmony │ │ MainAbility.java │ │ MyApplication.java │ │ TimerAbility.java #用于定时更新卡片的服务 │ │ │ ├─database │ │ Form.java #卡片表，extends OrmObject │ │ FormDatabase.java #卡片数据库，extends OrmDatabase │ │ │ ├─slice │ │ ClockCardSlice.java #时钟卡片主能力页，extends AbilitySlice │ │ │ └─utils │ ComponentProviderUtils.java #ComponentProvider工具类 │ DatabaseUtils.java #数据库工具类，实现Form的添加和删除 │ DateUtils.java #日期工具类 │ LogUtils.java #日志工具类 │ └─resources └─base ├─element │ string.json │ ├─graphic │ background_ability_main.xml │ background_week.xml │ ├─layout │ ability_main.xml #主能力页，默认 │ form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2.xml #1x2规格的卡片 │ form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2.xml #2x2规格的卡片 │ form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4.xml #2x4规格的卡片 │ └─media form_image_with_info_datecard_default_image_2.png form_image_with_info_form_card_default_image_2.png icon.png卡片布局
form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2.xml #1x2规格的卡片
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <DependentLayout xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:height="match_parent" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:background_element="#FFFFFFFF" ohos:remote="true"> <DependentLayout ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:orientation="vertical" ohos:vertical_center="true" > <Text ohos:id="$+id:date" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:center_in_parent="true" ohos:text="2021-03-24" ohos:text_alignment="vertical_center" ohos:text_font="sans-serif-medium" ohos:text_size="20fp" /> </DependentLayout> </DependentLayout>form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2.xml #2x2规格的卡片
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <DependentLayout xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:height="match_parent" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:background_element="#FFFFFFFF" ohos:remote="true"> <DirectionalLayout ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:orientation="vertical" > <Text ohos:id="$+id:date" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:text_alignment="horizontal_center" ohos:margin="12fp" ohos:text="2021-03-24" ohos:text_font="sans-serif-medium" ohos:text_size="10fp" /> </DirectionalLayout> <DirectionalLayout ohos:id="$+id:title" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:alignment="horizontal_center" ohos:orientation="horizontal" ohos:top_margin="35fp" > <Text ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:margin="8vp" ohos:text="HOUR" ohos:text_size="10fp" /> <Text ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:margin="8vp" ohos:text="MIN" ohos:text_size="10fp" /> <Text ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:margin="8vp" ohos:text="SEC" ohos:text_size="10fp" /> </DirectionalLayout> <DirectionalLayout ohos:id="$+id:time" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:alignment="horizontal_center" ohos:below="$id:title" ohos:orientation="horizontal" ohos:top_margin="0.5fp" > <Text ohos:id="$+id:hour" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:left_margin="10vp" ohos:right_margin="5vp" ohos:text="00" ohos:text_font="HwChinese-medium" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:top_margin="2vp" /> <Text ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text=":" ohos:text_font="bold" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:top_margin="2vp" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:min" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:left_margin="5vp" ohos:right_margin="5vp" ohos:text="00" ohos:text_font="HwChinese-medium" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:top_margin="2vp" /> <Text ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text=":" ohos:text_font="bold" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:top_margin="2vp" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:sec" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:left_margin="5vp" ohos:right_margin="10vp" ohos:text="00" ohos:text_font="HwChinese-medium" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:top_margin="2vp" /> </DirectionalLayout> <DirectionalLayout ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:alignment="center" ohos:below="$id:time" ohos:margin="16fp" ohos:orientation="horizontal" > <Text ohos:id="$+id:sun" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="日" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="10fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:mon" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="一" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="10fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:tue" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="二" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="10fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:wed" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="三" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="10fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:thu" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="四" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="10fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:fri" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="五" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="10fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:sat" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="六" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="10fp" ohos:weight="1" /> </DirectionalLayout> </DependentLayout>form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4.xml #2x4规格的卡片
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <DependentLayout xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:height="match_parent" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:background_element="#FFFFFFFF" ohos:remote="true"> <DependentLayout ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:orientation="horizontal" > <Text ohos:id="$+id:date" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:align_parent_left="true" ohos:margin="10fp" ohos:text="2021-03-24" ohos:text_font="sans-serif-medium" ohos:text_size="20fp" /> <DirectionalLayout ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:align_parent_right="true" ohos:orientation="horizontal" ohos:top_margin="10fp" > <Text ohos:id="$+id:sun" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="日" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:mon" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="一" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:tue" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="二" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:wed" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="三" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:thu" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="四" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:fri" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="五" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:weight="1" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:sat" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="六" ohos:text_color="#C0C0C0" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:weight="1" ohos:right_margin="10fp" /> </DirectionalLayout> </DependentLayout> <DirectionalLayout ohos:id="$+id:title" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:alignment="horizontal_center" ohos:orientation="horizontal" ohos:top_margin="35fp" > <Text ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:top_margin="20vp" ohos:left_margin="20vp" ohos:right_margin="20vp" ohos:text="HOUR" ohos:text_size="20fp" /> <Text ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:top_margin="20vp" ohos:left_margin="20vp" ohos:right_margin="20vp" ohos:text="MIN" ohos:text_size="20fp" /> <Text ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:top_margin="20vp" ohos:left_margin="20vp" ohos:right_margin="20vp" ohos:text="SEC" ohos:text_size="20fp" /> </DirectionalLayout> <DirectionalLayout ohos:id="$+id:time" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:alignment="horizontal_center" ohos:below="$id:title" ohos:orientation="horizontal" > <Text ohos:id="$+id:hour" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:left_margin="20vp" ohos:right_margin="10vp" ohos:text="00" ohos:text_font="HwChinese-medium" ohos:text_size="40fp" ohos:top_margin="2vp" /> <Text ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text=":" ohos:text_font="bold" ohos:text_size="40fp" ohos:top_margin="2vp" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:min" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:left_margin="10vp" ohos:right_margin="10vp" ohos:text="00" ohos:text_font="HwChinese-medium" ohos:text_size="40fp" ohos:top_margin="2vp" /> <Text ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text=":" ohos:text_font="bold" ohos:text_size="40fp" ohos:top_margin="2vp" /> <Text ohos:id="$+id:sec" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:left_margin="10vp" ohos:right_margin="10vp" ohos:text="00" ohos:text_font="HwChinese-medium" ohos:text_size="40fp" ohos:top_margin="2vp" /> </DirectionalLayout> </DependentLayout>知识点讲解
1.对象关系映射型数据库的使用，如何查询、创建卡片、删除卡片
首先使用注解定义一张Form表，继承自 OrmObject
定义对象关系型数据库FormDatabase，继承自OrmDatabase
使用DatabaseHelper类获取数据库连接(上下文)OrmContext
操作数据库，使用OrmPredicates组装条件查询卡片，创建Form卡片、删除Form卡片
在MainAbility中，创建卡片和删除卡片的回调函数中onCreateForm/onDeleteForm 构建Form操作卡片
要用到ProviderFormInfo/ComponentProvider。
2.如何更新卡片数据
定时器-----查询卡片，香港云服务器遍历(可能有多个)----使用ComponentProvider封装数据-----调用updateForm方法执行更新。
归纳总结
Q1.服务卡片的规格，也就是22/24 是由layout布局文件决定的吗，有啥区别?
规格主要由config.json 的配置决定，有三处landscapeLayouts、supportDimensions、portraitLayouts，新增规格也要增加对应规格的布局文件，但是规格并不是由布局文件本身决定的。
*说明：三处规格的顺序要一致，否则预览时显示也是有问题的。
config.json
{ "landscapeLayouts": [ "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4" ], "isDefault": true, "scheduledUpdateTime": "10:30", "defaultDimension": "2*4", "name": "DateCard", "description": "This is a form card", "colorMode": "light", "type": "Java", "supportDimensions": [ "1*2", "2*2", "2*4" ], "portraitLayouts": [ "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4" ], "updateEnabled": true, "updateDuration": 1, "formVisibleNotify": true } ]布局文件的命名也不影响规格，但是建议命名统一采用 xxxxx_card_1_2.xml/xxxxx_card_2_2.xml ，支持的规格是个枚举值，参照进行定义就好。
"defaultDimension": { "description": "This label identifies the default appearance specifications of the card.", "type": "string", "enum": [ "1*2", "2*2", "2*4", "4*4" ]Q2.为什么要更新卡片到DB ?
1.卡片信息需要保存在数据库中，使用OrmContext的云服务器delete/insert来操作db中的卡片
2.卡片的数据不需要更新到db，只是更新到显示，使用updateForm方法更新卡片数据的显示
Q3.如何新增一个规格的卡片?
下面以增加一个1*2规格的卡片为例：
1.config.json ，有三处 landscapeLayouts、supportDimensions、portraitLayouts 要增加
"forms": [ { "landscapeLayouts": [ "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4" ], "isDefault": true, "scheduledUpdateTime": "10:30", "defaultDimension": "2*4", "name": "DateCard", "description": "This is a form card", "colorMode": "dark", "type": "Java", "supportDimensions": [ "1*2", "2*2", "2*4" ], "portraitLayouts": [ "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2", "$layout:form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4" ], "updateEnabled": true, "updateDuration": 1, "formVisibleNotify": true } ]2.layout
layout下新增form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2.xml 布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <DependentLayout xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:height="match_parent" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:background_element="#FFFFFFFF" ohos:remote="true"> <DependentLayout ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:orientation="vertical" ohos:vertical_center="true" > <Text ohos:id="$+id:date" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:center_in_parent="true" ohos:text="2021-03-24" ohos:text_alignment="vertical_center" ohos:text_font="sans-serif-medium" ohos:text_size="20fp" /> </DependentLayout> </DependentLayout>3.ComponentProviderUtils.java
更新几处与规格相关的代码
/** * 获取对应规格的布局文件 * @param dimension * @return */ public static int getLayoutId(int dimension){ int layoutId = 0; if (dimension == DEFAULT_DIMENSION_1X2) { HiLog.info(LABEL,"获取1*2的布局文件"); layoutId = ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2; } if (dimension == DEFAULT_DIMENSION_2X2) { HiLog.info(LABEL,"获取1*2的布局文件"); layoutId = ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_2_2; } if (dimension == DEFAULT_DIMENSION_2X4) { HiLog.info(LABEL,"获取2*4的布局文件"); layoutId = ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4; } return layoutId; } /** * Set the value of componentProvider * 根据规格来更新卡片信息 * @param componentProvider component provider */ private static void setComponentProviderValue(ComponentProvider componentProvider,int layoutId) { Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance(); int hour = now.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY); int min = now.get(Calendar.MINUTE); int second = now.get(Calendar.SECOND); String hourString = int2String(hour); String minString = int2String(min); String secondString = int2String(second); switch (layoutId){ //1*2布局只有个日期组件 case ResourceTable.Layout_form_image_with_info_date_card_1_2: componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_date, DateUtils.getCurrentDate("yyyy-MM-dd")); componentProvider.setTextColor(ResourceTable.Id_date,nowWeekColor); default: componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_date, DateUtils.getCurrentDate("yyyy-MM-dd")); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_hour, hourString); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_min, minString); componentProvider.setText(ResourceTable.Id_sec, secondString); // 获取当前星期 int weekDayId = getWeekDayId(); componentProvider.setTextColor(weekDayId, nowWeekColor); // 将前一天的星期改回原色 int lastWeekId = getLastWeekDayId(); componentProvider.setTextColor(lastWeekId, primaryWeekColor); } }
Q4.ClockCardSlice.java和TimerAbility.java 区别?
1.ClockCardSlice.java 代表的是主能力页，是一个FA，负责主能力页的组件的初始化以及数据的定时更新，使用了form_image_with_info_date_card_2_4.xml 的布局。
2.TimerAbility.java 是一个PA，是一个后台服务，负责不同规格卡片上组件的初始化以及数据的定时更新，点击卡片会打开主能力页。
样例中二者都是实现了组件的初始化和数据定时更新，但相互独立。
效果展示
2x4规格2x2规格1x2规格
文章相关附件可以点击下面的原文链接前往下载
原文链接：https://harmonyos.51cto.com/posts/4776
想了解更多内容，请访问：
和华为官方合作共建的鸿蒙技术社区
https://harmonyos.51cto.com
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